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We advise this soft file of the book here. However, what is real and important in each headline is a problem. In the early days of psy- uals and settings see Figure It also includes natural settings, natu- environment transactions. Later, some emphasis was placed on interactions between ral resources, national parks and wilderness areas, and the atmosphere.
On the human persons. Yet, considering the enormous investment society makes in the construction side of the transaction, environmental psychologists usually focus on the behavior and and maintenance of the physical environment including buildings, parks, streets, the at- mosphere and bodies of water and the enormous cost of misusing nature and natural re- sources, the long delay before person-environment relations received adequate attention seems almost tragic.
Environment Fortunately, since the late s, thousands of studies have dealt with the major top- Environmental psychologists recognize the need to accomplish two related goals: to ics discussed in this book.
Much of this work has been stimulated by the recognition of environmental problems such as sustainability, pollution, energy shortages, and unsuit- able buildings. Other research is motivated by pure curiosity about how and why humans understand person-environment transactions and to use this knowledge to help solve a wide variety of problems.
The subtitle of this book, Principles and Practice, was chosen quite deliberately: environmental psychology distinctly includes both science and appli- Chapter 5: Personal Space act and feel in their built and natural settings. Many mysteries remain about the intrica- cation.
As individuals, of course, environmental psychologists have only enough energy cies of person-environment transactions, but we have begun to understand a great num- to work on a few of the topics described in the book. Some feel more comfortable work- ber of them. This chapter describes the main issues and topics of environmental psychology. Its dual goals of discovery and application are emphasized. The origins and present status of ing on the principles; others feel more comfortable with the practice.
The situation is sim- ilar to that in medicine, where some physicians go into family practice while others con- duct research in a laboratory. Nevertheless, every environmental psychologist supports Chapter 6: Territoriality the need for theory, research, and practice that may help to solve the many architectural 1 and ecological problems in the world.
Do behavior, and utilizationist attitudes are connected to economic liberalism, which relies Chapter 9: Residential C on the idea that resources exist to be used and developed.
This idea was supported in a Environmental Psychology you care about it? How would you go about describing it? Is it beautiful? Good quality? How does it make you feel? What, study of four nations. Is it safe? To what extent, do you think, is your own assessment of the place similar to one that might be made by a panel of experts or other people who visit it? Theories of Environmental Attitudes and Behavior. Several approaches to understand- This chapter continues the discussion, begun in Chapter Two, of the process by which we come to know and understand ing environmental concern and its relation to pro-environmental behavior have been de- the everyday physical environment.
The initial gathering of information from settings—environmental perception—is fol- veloped. Perhaps the most frequently used is the theory of planned behavior see Figure Chapter Urban Environmental lowed by much cognitive interpretation of that information: the way we store, transform, organize, forget, and recall knowl- The focus here is on environmental attitudes and on two judgment processes—appraisal and assessment.
Attitude toward factors must precede it. However, the behavioral intention must be cern. However, concern for the built environment also deserves some attention. Both environmental appraisals and assessments involve an observer and a place, but in research on appraisals, more consequences.
Environmental assessments are based on ratings by several observers usually, ex- perts or setting users into a broader-based judgment of an environment. Finally, perceived control depends on the belief that one possesses the resources and opportunities to engage in the Chapter Educational Environmental Psychology usually its quality or lack of quality rather than understanding the persons who make the judgments.
The theory was supported in a study by Yuko Heath and me that predicted who will use public transportation,7 and others that pre- Environmental Attitudes: Concern for Places dict who will conserve energy, car pool, and recycle. How concerned are you about the welfare of your own room, your residence, your neighborhood or city, a nearby wilderness area, or planet Earth? How concerned are others? Although attitudes do not always translate into threatened, and interconnected system.
Still, according to VBN, people will not act in a proenvironmental way if they do not also believe that they are able to reduce those consequences.
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